When can a second-in-command log time as pilot-in-command?

A second-in-command (SIC) can log time as pilot-in-command (PIC) under specific conditions, primarily relating to their training and certification requirements. When flying in accordance with an approved Airline Transport Pilot License (ATPL) training course, a SIC may log PIC time, as the training regulations often allow for this under specific guidelines, such as when the SIC is acting as pilot-in-command during flight segments that are part of the training program.

The approved ATPL training course is designed to prepare pilots for the responsibilities and decision-making that come with being the PIC in more complex operations, which typically include multi-crew environments. Hence, during this training, SICs may conduct flights where they take on PIC duties while under the oversight of an instructor or as part of their training.

The other options do not meet the requirements for logging PIC time. For instance, private pilot course requirements do not typically allow a SIC to log PIC time, as they are not acting as the PIC in a training context for an ATPL. Similarly, flying solo during training is typically where a licensed private pilot is required to log PIC time, not a SIC, or it does not apply as they are not operating the aircraft independently in a capacity that qualifies for PIC logging